South Asia · Gurmukhi / Shahmukhi
Punjabi Code-Switching Speech Dataset
Punjabi code-switching speech sourced to your specification — no inventory, no fixed listing. This page covers what is specifically hard about this pairing, and which fields your specification needs to pin down.
Why code-switching speech in Punjabi is its own problem
Punjabi code-switching is not one phenomenon but two. On the Indian side the pattern is Punjabi with Hindi and English; on the Pakistani side it is Punjabi with Urdu and English, and the Urdu layer is so fully nativized in speech that drawing the switch boundary takes a written rule. The two regimes differ in which words count as switches, so a batch pooled from both sides cannot be annotated under a single scheme — the annotation has to carry the side as a dimension, or the same word gets labeled a switch in one half of the data and ordinary vocabulary in the other.
The field to pin down first: The annotation scheme carries the speaker's side as a required dimension, with a separate switch-type inventory and decision list for each side — one merged guideline produces internally contradictory labels.
At a glance
| Language | Punjabi |
|---|---|
| Primary region | South Asia |
| Writing system | Gurmukhi / Shahmukhi |
| Category | Code-Switching Speech |
| Specification field to settle first | The annotation scheme carries the speaker's side as a required dimension, with a separate switch-type inventory and decision list for each side — one merged guideline produces internally contradictory labels. |
| Delivery | Sourced to order, pilot batch before the full run |
What code-switching speech data is
Speech that mixes two or more languages inside a single utterance — Hinglish, Spanglish, Taglish — used for recognition in real spoken settings.
What buyers get wrong about it
The switch point is the hard part — where language A gives way to B inside a sentence, different annotators can place it several words apart. The guideline has to be fixed before annotation starts.
The specification field that decides the quote
Whether annotation marks word-level switch points or only tags the language of the whole utterance — the workload differs by a multiple.
The language side: what Punjabi demands
Punjabi is the classic case of one spoken language with two scripts: Gurmukhi on the Indian side and Shahmukhi (a Perso-Arabic system) on the Pakistani side. The same passage written on either side cannot be cross-searched against the other.
What we can put in this delivery
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Read and conversational speech
Scripted recording for TTS, and unscripted conversation for recognition. Specified separately because they need different speaker pools.
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Transcription to your convention
Orthographic or phonetic, with the guideline written before production and shared with you for review.
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Speaker metadata
Age band, gender, region and dialect background per file, so you can slice the dataset rather than take it whole.
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Consent documentation
Signed speaker consent covering the intended use, plus collection methodology and the annotation guideline.
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Pilot batch
A small batch first, which you can reject. Misalignments surface after a few hours rather than at delivery.
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Delivery in your format
Audio format, sampling rate, segmentation length and metadata schema set to your pipeline's requirements.
What arrives in a delivery
| Component | What it is |
|---|---|
| Audio files | Format, sampling rate and segmentation length set to your pipeline. Named to a convention you specify. |
| Transcription | Orthographic or phonetic, produced under a guideline you review before production starts. |
| Speaker metadata | Age band, gender, region and dialect background per file, plus a speaker identifier so the dataset can be sliced. |
| Recording conditions | Environment, device and, where relevant, measured signal-to-noise ratio per file. |
| Annotation guideline | The document the annotators worked from, so you can reproduce the conventions on your own data. |
| Consent records | Signed speaker consent covering your intended use, with the transfer mechanism addressed where required. |
| Collection methodology | How speakers were recruited, screened and scheduled — the part that tells you how biased the pool is. |
| Quality report | Pilot outcome, re-work log, and the annotator agreement figures where the task supports measuring them. |
Questions we get about Punjabi Code-Switching Speech
How many distinct speakers can you provide for Punjabi Code-Switching Speech?
It depends on the specification and the timeline, and we will give a real number rather than a target. For this pairing, speaker recruitment is usually the step that sets the schedule. The annotation scheme carries the speaker's side as a required dimension, with a separate switch-type inventory and decision list for each side — one merged guideline produces internally contradictory labels.
Can you annotate to our own guideline instead of the default?
Yes, and for this pairing we would recommend it. Punjabi code-switching is not one phenomenon but two. That is exactly the kind of decision a default guideline leaves open, and it is where annotators diverge. Send us your guideline, or we will draft one and you can review it before production starts.
Do you offer a sample before we commit to a full run?
Yes. Select a free sample in the request form and describe what you need. A pilot batch is the cheapest way to establish whether the quality bar is reachable for Punjabi Code-Switching Speech before committing to the full volume.
Is the data licensed or owned outright?
Licensing terms are set per project, so tell us how the model will be used and whether it will be distributed. Consent documentation travels with the data either way, and we do not handle medical or clinical data or recorded telephone calls.
Other datasets in Punjabi
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Punjabi Audiobook
Continuous long-form narration in audiobook style, steady in intonation and generous in duration, the main source material for high-quality TTS.
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Punjabi Short Video Speech
Speech in the talking-head style of short video — fast, emotionally strong, colloquial — used for short video subtitles and content understanding.
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Punjabi Live Stream Speech
Long-session spoken content from live streams — host monologue and responses to audience interaction — fast-paced and heavily improvised.
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Punjabi Voice Assistant
Command and dialogue data for voice assistants, usually with intent annotation, covering the full chain from wake word to understanding to response.
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Punjabi Elderly Voice
Speech data from elderly speakers, usually stratified by age band and health status, used for voice products built for older users.
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Punjabi Accented English
English speech from non-native speakers or specific regional accents, grouped by accent origin, used to improve accent robustness in ASR.
Code-Switching Speech in other languages
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Persian Code-Switching Speech
Middle East & North Africa
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Tamil Code-Switching Speech
South Asia
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Telugu Code-Switching Speech
South Asia
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Malayalam Code-Switching Speech
South Asia
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Nepali Code-Switching Speech
South Asia
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Sinhala Code-Switching Speech
South Asia
Request Punjabi Code-Switching Speech
Tell us the language, the hours, and what the data needs to look like. You will get a real number and a real timeline — not a range. If we cannot source it well, we will tell you that instead.
- Pilot batch before the full run, so problems surface early.
- Consent documentation delivered with the data.
- No medical or clinical data. No recorded telephone calls.